If you’ve ever been in a relationship, you’ll know that communication is key.
You can say the same for our hearts. To function properly, the electrical signals in our hearts need to communicate effectively with each other.
However, sometimes, this communication can become disrupted, resulting in a heart block. A heart block happens when there’s an interruption or slowdown in electrical signals responsible for controlling our heartbeat.
This can lead to various symptoms, including:
- Dizziness
- Fainting
- Fatigue
There are several types of heart blocks, each with unique characteristics and treatment options. In this article, we’ll go over the types of heart blocks and how to tell them apart. So, if you need help spotting the differences between Mobitz 1 and 2 or figuring out what a Wenckebach rhythm is, read on.
Jump to Section
- Types of Heart Block
- 1st Degree
- 2nd Degree Type 1 (Wenckebach, Mobitz I)
- 2nd Degree Type 2 (Mobitz II)
- 3rd Degree
- How Can You Tell the Difference Between Each Type of Heart Block?
- 2nd Degree Type 1 (Wenckebach, Mobitz I) vs 2nd Degree Type 2 (Mobitz II)
- 2nd Degree Type 2 (Mobitz II) vs 3rd Degree (Complete Heart Block)
Types of Heart Block
There are four main types of heart blocks, each with unique characteristics and effects on the heart’s rhythm.
1st Degree
First-degree heart block is the mildest form, characterized by a prolonged PR interval of more than .20 seconds (>200 milliseconds) on the electrocardiogram (ECG) but without missed beats.
The delay occurs in the atrioventricular (AV) node, but all atrial impulses still reach the ventricles. Clients with 1st-degree heart block are usually asymptomatic and don’t require treatment.
2nd Degree Type 1 (Wenckebach, Mobitz I)
Second-degree AV Block Type 1, also known as Wenckebach or Mobitz I, involves progressive prolongation of the PR interval until it drops a beat.
Nurses can see this repeating cycle on the ECG due to an intermittent failure of the AV node to conduct impulses. Clients may be asymptomatic or experience mild symptoms like dizziness or palpitations.
2nd Degree Type 2 (Mobitz II)
Second-degree AV Block Type 2, or Mobitz II, is more serious and can lead to a complete heart block.
When comparing Mobitz 1 vs 2 (I vs II), Mobitz II doesn’t show progressive PR prolongation. Instead, the PR interval remains constant, but QRS complexes don’t follow some of the P waves.
This block usually occurs below the AV node, either at the bundle of His or one of its branches, and can cause significant symptoms such as:
- Fatigue
- Syncope (fainting or passing out)
- An increased risk of progressing to 3rd-degree heart block.
3rd Degree
A 3rd degree AV heart block, also known as complete heart block, is the most deadly.
In this condition, there’s no conduction of atrial impulses to the ventricles. The atria and ventricles beat independently, which is evident on the ECG. On an ECG, the atrial rate (P waves) is usually faster than the ventricular rate (QRS complexes).
Clients often present with:
- Severe bradycardia
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Syncope
Third-degree heart block requires immediate treatment, often with a pacemaker.
How Can You Tell the Difference Between Each Type of Heart Block?
Though the symptoms may be similar, there are a few key differences between each type of heart block that can help distinguish between them.
These include the:
- Block’s location
- ECG pattern
- Severity of symptoms
2nd Degree Type 1 (Wenckebach, Mobitz I) vs 2nd Degree Type 2 (Mobitz II)
Nurses can differentiate Mobitz 1 vs 2 by the pattern seen on the ECG.
In the Wenckebach rhythm (Mobitz I), the PR interval gradually lengthens until it drops a beat. In contrast, Mobitz II presents with consistent PR intervals but with sudden, unpredictable dropped beats.
Clinically, Mobitz II is more likely to cause symptoms and has a higher risk of progressing to complete heart block.
2nd Degree Type 2 (Mobitz II) vs 3rd Degree (Complete Heart Block)
Nurses can distinguish Mobitz type 2 vs complete heart block by the conduction of some atrial impulses to the ventricles in Mobitz II.
In 3rd-degree heart block, there’s no association between the P waves and QRS complexes. The atria and ventricles beat independently. Symptoms are generally more severe in 3rd-degree heart block, necessitating prompt intervention.
A good way to remember the differences between each type is with the heart block poem:
If the R is far from P,
Then you have 1st degree.
PR gets longer, longer, longer, drops,
Then you have a Wenckebach.
If some R’s don’t get through,
Then you have that Mobitz II.
If the P’s and Q’s don’t agree,
Then you have that 3rd degree.
Understanding these differences is critical for nurses and health care providers. Accurately identifying the type of heart block can significantly impact client management and outcomes.
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